Advantages Of Downloading Copyrighted Philosophy Essay

Advantages Of Downloading Copyrighted Philosophy Essay Copyright is a form of protection, by which we can protect the things that weve typed or manufacture and development of rules specifying how published. In these days we can download many things through the Internet without the knowledge of its reference and without paying for it. In this report I will highlight aspects of ethics about downloading copyright and its result, I will give a final suggestion to the dilemma. BACKGROUND Nowadays, we can see a lot of people who download many things without taking into account the copyright and that thing is against the low because they infringe on the rights of others. According to what Louis Kroeck says It is not illegal to download copyrighted material as long as you have the consent of the authority. (Kroeck, 2012) Some sites are adding some of the articles or songs and claim that with the consent of the author, but in fact the opposite, which leads to legal prosecution for fraud they had and infringement on the rights of others. P2P network is the largest example of websites or software that allows the user to download any music for free from the Internet and exchanged over a single network. And the most famous of these sites are Limewire, forstwire, and Napster. Napster allows users to download the corresponding version of pedigreed free. People turn to music download sections, some books and other online without regard to copyright and to shorten the time and save money or indifference to it. According to what Max Baldwin says In fact, 95 percent of music downloads from the internet are illegal downloads and only less than five people in the world have been arrested for illegal downloading as opposed to the millions of people that download illegally. (Baldwin, 2010). Resulted in the roping the idea of some sites that are developing some of the articles and to the loss of musical copyright, respect the articles of the law that we must follow. ETHICAL DILLEMA Advantages of downloading copyrighted:- There are things around us may be unethical, but gave us some of the pros, the problem of downloading copyright where a small number of pros are: Shortening the time, where we can find any song or article in any site and downloaded quickly on your computer and it saves us going to the songs stores and libraries. So we dont have to wait for delivery. Save money, where we can get on any album or a book or other for free, which is in fact a precious. So we will not paying for it. Readily available, Sometimes we want to buy a song at the night and the store is closed, so we can get it from the internet. And sometimes some albums or books that are not available in the market and can be found in the Internet.it will be available in website all the time. Disadvantages of downloading copyrighted:- There are many negatives for downloading copyright problem and these are some of them: Illegal and immoral, Known you when you download music or article without the author allow it, you are breaking the law, which allow to your exposure to legal repercussions. Effects on Music Industry, According to ehow.com According to ThinkQuest.org, every year the music industry loses approximately $4.2 billion to piracy worldwide. Musicians, too, rely on the sale of records to make a living, which in turn enables them to continue to be able to make music. (What Are the Disadvantages of Downloading Free Music From the Web to Play on Your Own PC or CDs? Read more: What Are the Disadvantages of Downloading Free Music From the Web to Play on Your Own PC or CDs? , 2012) Virus and Spyware and hacked program, when you download anything the subject your downloading can carry viruses and thats can affect your computer, some viruses can damage your computer completely and you can never use the computer again. Therefore, the question in the dilemma will be is downloading from the internet immoral? THEORETICAL RESPONSE Consequentialism:- Consequentialism refers to the type of philosophy implied in the principle of ethics and its aspects. In essence consequentialism means that the morally right action is the one with the best overall consequences (Grimmelmann, 2009). This means that the end results justify the means through which it is conceived. In case of downloading copyrighted infringement, the first thing is to establish as the downloaded material is right or wrong and does it possess a greater risk if it is downloaded illegally (or infringement). This theory ponders on the fact that is the result obtained greater in theory than from the result of violation. The second important aspect of this theory is that whether that the result obtained due to the downloaded material cannot be obtained while violating lesser or something that is even less than that (Warwick, 1999). This theory also ponders on the fact that copyright law is basically enacted to obtain information and promote creative activities. Although it is good to do so, these are not moral obligations that must be followed till the end. In light of this theory, downloading copyrighted material is not immoral. Non-consequentialism:- Non-consequentialism takes on a different approach in this regard and this philosophy directly implies on the moral obligations of the action itself. According to this philosophy, some kinds of actions or activities are wrong in themselves (Woodcock, 2000) and not just wrong because they have negative results or consequences. Speaking in terms of the issue of downloading copyrighted material, this theory discourages this kind of action. It is because copyrighted materials are the private property of some individuals and the decision lies solely with them that whether they want to distribute that material or not. This theory even characterizes the act of downloading copyrighted material as illegal or theft. There are certain boundaries of freedom that one can enjoy as long as he or she is not trampling on others. The issue of downloading copyrighted material directly relates to this theory as people use their downloading freedom a little too much (Grimmelmann, 2009) and end up downloading copyrighted material for which they would have to pay something in reality. This is the reason that this theory categorizes this act of downloading copyrighted material as immoral. Virtue-based ethics:- This theory is more based on the relativity of action in terms of a virtuous person than the end result of the activity itself. In basic terms, this theory means that a right action or ethical action is one which the virtuous person would do under the same circumstances. Regarding the case of downloading copyrighted material, this theory takes an interesting twist. Talking about the issue of downloading copyrighted material, this theory does not hold any final implication (Baldwin, 2010) as to whether this action can be considered right or wrong. If a knowledge source is being downloaded that can certainly benefit a lot of people, then this theory might shift in this case favor because a virtuous person is one who looks for the greater good. However, if the downloading of copyrighted material is hurting the original owner and fewer benefits in this approach, then this theory might be against this feature. So it really depends upon the type of circumstances that is present at that time. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE In my opinion, the ethical issue related to downloading copyrighted material lies solely with the subject of material being downloaded. There are tons of different things that are present on the internet and are copyrighted material (Woodcock, 2000). These might include movies, music, games, books, magazines and computer software. I have to agree more with more of virtue based ethic here because this theory truly reflects on my thinking of this matter. The type of material that is being downloaded defines as to whether my action is moral or immoral and does downloading it provides me with any greater good (Grimmelmann, 2009). For example, a book that is quite expensive in the market and is out my budget range is available free on the internet; I will download it for my use. This is because I know that this book can help me and other fellow students in achieving personal growth which otherwise would have not been possible if I were to buy it. Virtue-based ethics theory discusses the actions of a pious or virtuous person in the same circumstance and according to me; I fall in this category and have a same outlook. CONCLUSION There is a never ending debate present on the issue of downloading copy righted material where one side strong-fully objects to it while the other side posts its benefits. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of this activity (Woodcock, 2000) and none of them seems to outweigh the other. In the end, it all depends upon the fact that whether the action performed has resulted in any major losses or trampling of moral issues. The major thing to lookout for here is that whether the results obtained from downloading copyrighted material possess greater good. If copyright infringement poses a serious threat to the hard work of an individual, then without a doubt it is considered wrong as the person rightfully deserves the credit for his work by paying him or her. On the other hand, if it has more benefits than risks then it can be considered an acceptable act.

Sor Juana

Writing Assignment Maria Zuniga Book ReportDecember 9, 2005 Corrections â€Å"Sor Juana† is a biography of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz written by Octavio Paz and translated by Margaret Sayers Peden. It is a book of 470 pages divided in six parts that besides Sor Juana’s life and work, explain the difficulties of the time for an intellectual woman. It was published by The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1988. Reading this book gave me the best opportunity to know more about someone that although has been very influential in my entire life, I didn’t know all her history.My admiration and respect for Sor Juana started since I was a child and one of my sisters used to read her poems. Through my literature classes I knew a little more about her and the admiration and respect continued growing. Sor Juana became for me a stereotype of intellect, power, femininity, persistence and freedom combined with the devotion to God. Her story ma kes me learn to follow my dreams, to be ambitious, and over all to never ever give up. Juana Ines de la Cruz was born in Mexico in 1648. She grew up in the Panayan Hacienda, which was run for her mother for more than thirty years although she never learned to read.Sor Juana started to take lessons at age or three. During a long period of her childhood, she didn’t eat cheese because â€Å"It made one slow-witted,† and â€Å"Desire for learning was stronger than the desire for eating. † By the time she was six or seven, she knew how to read and write. As she couldn’t go to the university (because she was a woman), she studied and read by herself. She used to cut-off several inches of her hair (when hair was considered one of the most important female features), as a challenge for new learning â€Å"A head shouldn’t be adorned with hair and naked of learning† If she didn’t meet the goal, then she cut it again.Sor Juana was sent to Mexico City when she was eight to live with her grandfather, who had one of the biggest libraries of those times. By age 15, as one of the most learned women in Mexico, she was presented at court with the Viceroy and his wife (maximum authorities in Mexico). As a lady-in waiting, Juana Ines would become known at court for her wit and beauty as well as for her erudite intelligence. To ascertain the extent of her learning, the Marquise gathered together some of the most astute minds of the day, poets, historians, theologians, philosophers, and mathematicians.Juana Ines answered the questions and arguments directed at her, impressing them all with her mental prowess. At age 20 she entered the Convent of San Jeronimo, known for the mildness of its discipline. The convent was not a ladder toward God but a refuge for a woman who found herself alone in the world. She lived in a two-storey cell where she read insatiably and amassed an impressive library while pursuing her writing and intellectual pursuits. She brought the elegance of the court with her by transforming the convent locutory into an intellectual salon.The next Viceroy, the Marquis de La Laguna and the Marquise Maria Luisa, the Countess de Pareda, were among the court society and literary devotees who came to talk and debate with Sor Juana. Sor Juana wrote sacred poems and erotic love poems, vocal music, villancicos performed in the cathedral, plays, secular comedies, and some of the most significant documents in the history of feminism and philosophical literature. Her use of language, though characterized by the Baroque style, has a modern essence.Her public face reveals the impiousness of an undaunted spirit who appears, not as a nun, but as an independent woman. One of Sor Juana’s archetypes was Isis, Egyptian goodness inventor of writing, a symbol of intellect. She also identified herself with maidens of antiquity, poetically divinely inspired to produce poems and prophecies thinking â€Å"There we re not enough punishment or reprimands to prevent me from reading. † The life and work of Sor Juana lines can be summed as: knowledge is a transgression committed by a solitary hero who then is punished.Not the glory of knowledge (denied to mortals) but the glory of the act of knowing. Sor Juana was a pivotal figure who lived at a unique point in history bound by two opposing world views: one the closed universe of Ptolemy and of the Inquisition, which still held sway in Mexico/New Spain; the other characterized by the new science of Copernicus, Newton, and Galileo. On her monumental philosophical poem Primer sueno/First Dream the soul is pictured as intellect, not a religious pilgrim. At the height of the journey, at the fullest understanding reason can attain, there was no vision.Instead, the soul drew back at the immensity of the universe and foundered in confusion. In 1690, requested by the Bishop, Sor Juana wrote her only theological criticism, which she insisted not for public view. However, the Bishop published and censured it with an imaginary name of â€Å"Sor Philotea. † In defiant response, Sor Juana wrote â€Å"La Respuesta de la poetisa a la muy ilustre Sor Philotea de la Cruz,† a feminist manifesto defending women’s right to be educated and pursue learning, citing over 40 women who had made significant contributions throughout history.This work ignited the church’s wrath. In a climate of intimidation and fear Sor Juana signed â€Å"Protesta que rubricada con su sangre, hizo de su fe y amor a Dios† a statement of self-condemnation in bloodShe renewed her vows and surrendered her musical and scientific instruments, as well as her library of 4,000 volumes, considered at that time to be the largest in Mexico. Two years of silence and penance followed. Then in 1695, while ministering to nuns struck by an epidemic, she herself succumbed and died.Sor Juana has been an inspirational model to follow through all the situations that she faced. She succeeded in a world that was completely against her. The lack of father, which was almost a crime in that time, the lack of freedom to study, to talk, even to think, and over all the prohibition to be herself were some of her obstacles. Every time I am facing an obstacle, I just recall her story and imagine the innumerable sacrifices she had made to get the freedom of learning.After reading her story, I see the world in a different way. Now I know that all those small decisions that I take every day, such as the cloth I wear, what to eat, to read, what to say, and even what to feel are privileges granted for marvelous people like Sor Juan Ines de la Cruz. I also know that all those people had to pay a high price for these privileges; some of them pay with their lives. I feel not just impressed, but grateful to Sor Juana, her cultural heredity, and woman’s worth.

The Number One Article on Most Commmon Essay Topics in Applications

The Number One Article on Most Commmon Essay Topics in Applications As nerve wracking as the college essay part of the application may be, it doesn't have to be difficult. In the course of self-improvement, more frequently than not, failure will result in success. You must be ready to compose several drafts of a university application essay as a way to attain a result that shows you off in the very best light. In the end, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop. The Advantages of Most Commmon Essay Topics in Applications If you would like to understand who can Help me write an essay, then you're able to contact with the inexpensive writing services available at the internet website. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective. Bear in mind, a highly effective essay is grammatically correct essay. When it has to do with the middle school, the argumentative essay consists of moderate topics. Persuasive essay is also called the argument essay. To come across argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you want to comprehend about the argumentative essay. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. Colleges are more inclined to admit students who can articulate certain explanations for why the school is a superb fit about them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. Men and women attend college or university for many distinct reasons (for instance, new experiences, career preparation, or to raise knowledge). Some people believe schools should select students based on their academic abilities, while some think it is far better to have students with distinctive abilities studying together. Surprisingly, many students do not understand how to get the best sources. Most Commmon Essay Topics in Applications - the Story It is crucial to choose a great topic so as to compose a wonderful paper. Children should select each of their topics. Two new essay options are added, and a number of the previous questions are revised. The Battle Over Most Commmon Essay Topics in Applications and How to Win It Most students have a tendency to choose easy essay topics by talking about themselves, doing their very best to express their exclusive qualities and trying to stick out from the remainder of the pack. Parents ought to be held legally accountable for their sons' and daughters' acts. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to acquire tattoos, because they are making the decision for their own children. Our parents always say that in the event you desire to delight in a stable and happy life, you definitely have to get educated. Don't let an application essay deter you from receiving the excellent education you have earned. Some developing countries invite large multinational organizations to open offices and factories to be able to assist their economy. Crafting The First Mile Of ProductIf you need to create a product which millions of people may use, you must defy the propensity to prioritize the core product at the cost of the very first mile. Moreover, aside from economic prosperity and success, surely, there are many reasons why education is quite valuable especially in the present world. When the paper is written, it's time to proofread it correctly. Click a purchase button and you are going to receive an exceptional essay that satisfies your requirements. Its principal attempt is to persuade a reader to adopt a particular point of view or maybe to take a specific action on the matter. Be aware you do not need to have solved the issue, and a few of the greatest essays will explore problems that ought to be solved later on. The Supreme Strategy for Most Commmon Essay Topics in Applications Essentially, it's what an edit or does, hence you may be the editor for yourself. Clarity Clarity is basically attempting to write clearly so that your audience (and your professor, naturally!) Typically, it doesn't include references and quotes in it. Foreign languages ought to be compulsory in the most important school. Rumors, Lies and Most Commmon Essay Topics in Applications Describe your individual success and the way it relates to your chosen field. Keep in mind that the previous two writing forms are written in the very first person. There are several things you need to live, many things you feel, and you simply don't know if a number of the situations you do are ok or not. It is almost always better to create something which isn't perfect and revise it later than waste your time attempting to write something from the initial and just take.

My Search For A Mental Illness I Came Upon Munchausen...

In my search for a mental illness I came upon Munchausen Syndrome by proxy which is a stem from regular Munchausen Syndrome. This mental illness was deep and caught my interest by the complexity of the disease and that cases that have been studied. The horrific cases of said mental illness caught my eye and I knew instantly I had to explore in depth the condition. The love between a mother and her children is an unbreakable bond, until Munchausen Syndrome by proxy takes a role in the relationship, then the mother becomes a monster. Since biblical times cases of fabricated diseases and self-mutilation have been recorded in our written history. Baron Hieronymous Karl Friedrich von Munchausen was a German mercenary officer in the Russian†¦show more content†¦A more concerning condition stems from this, called Munchausen Syndrome by proxy (MSBP), in which the person inflicts injuries onto others for the same reasons, to gain attention. Usually it is in the form of a parent har ming their child, wherein is a form of child abuse. In the beginning of the rise of Munchausen Syndrome by proxy, it was not seen clearly as a form of child abuse but is now considered very dangerous with most victims being at the preschool age, but some cases have been recorded up to the age of 16 with equal numbers of boys and girls. There is no definitive sex of the abusers but however 85% of cases are recorded with the mother acting as the abuser. These people may have frontal temporal atrophy or other psychological afflictions. They most likely have an elaborate medical history or a grudge against the medical industry, a connection to the medical community, or have family members with in the medical field. Troubles in their personal lives have left them feeling neglected and unappreciated. The abuser uses their victim as a way to meet their own psychological needs. In the case of it being a parent, the mother is very involved with the minute details of her child, and with the cases that I have research I have found that the father is normally not present in the situation of their child. There is still a slowness in being able to detect the situation in parents,

Police Authority vs Individual Rights - 1065 Words

It is easy for police to get caught up in the idea that it is them against the rest of society (Barkan, 2012). Many citizens in today’s democratic society have a negative or fearful view of our law enforcement. Think back to grade school, who was that one kid in class that everyone was annoyed by or despised? Most people would answer the teacher’s pet or the tattletale. We have grown up from a young age to have a negative view towards those that get us into trouble when we think we can get away with something we know is wrong. In the adult world, the police force can equate to those tattletales. The overall basis for a democratic society is freedom. We stress that freedom allows us to be individualistic. Herbert L. Packer, a law†¦show more content†¦Throughout all realms of the criminal justice system, it is hard to use discretion when arresting or prosecuting people. Another difficulty that police in our democratic society face is the discrepancy between their own personal freedoms and upholding the law, their job (Barkan, 2012). Police officers are allowed to think what they want or say how they feel, a right granted to them in the Bill of Rights. However, under the badge, police officers are required and expected to abide by the laws of the United States. Sometimes, the level of authority police hold in this situation can get them into trouble legally. This is what we call police misconduct (Barkan, 2012). One of the most notorious police scandals in history was the LA antigang Rampart Division scandal. In 2000, Rafael Perez, an LA police officer was arr ested for stealing drugs. In exchange for a plea bargain Perez notified authorities of other corruptive instances in the Rampart Division. More than 70 officers were scrutinized for these acts (Barkan, 2012). Overall, it is agreed upon that there needs to be a definite balance between public safety and individual freedom (Barkan, 2012). This balance, which rides on a fine line in our society, is difficult to determine. That is why police, prosecutors, and any members of our criminal justiceShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Liberties Of The United States Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesCivil liberties is the individual rights and freedoms that government is obliged to protect, normally by not interfering in the exercise of these rights and freedoms. However, over the years the rights for the people have either have become open and free or it has become restrictive. The bill of rights in terms of scope in civil liberties protection has changed by three paths such three paths are increased in authority of federal government, the Supreme court shifted its interpretation of constitutionalRead MoreEssay on The Act of Search and Seizure in the United States978 Words   |  4 Pagesalleged criminals. 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Submarine Escape Procedures Free Essays

Michael Menor Professor Cady English 151 25 February 2013 Submarine Escape Procedures There are many catastrophes that can affect the operation of a submarine; fire and flooding can crimple a submarine completely if either is not resolved quickly. Submariners are trained to combat all forms of fire and flooding in different scenarios that are closely monitored in Submarine School. As a last resort, sailors are also trained in submarine escape in the very rare occasion that they must escape from the ship. We will write a custom essay sample on Submarine Escape Procedures or any similar topic only for you Order Now Submarine escape is only effective at depths less than 600 feet; escape any greater depth would be impossible. Michael Menor deployed with two nuclear fast-attack submarines; the USS Santa Fe and the USS Albuquerque; during his four and a half year enlistment in the United States Navy. He is well versed in submarine escape and hopes that this will give you an understanding on how to escape from the depths of the sea. Every ship is equipped with two escape trunks, or hatches as some may call it; one forward and aft, both of which have similar dimensions and operation procedures. Each trunk is able to hold two escape personnel. The Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment; also known as a SEIE Suit; is a last resort option if a Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle, or DSRV is unable to save personnel from a disabled submarine. The suit is a single piece construction capable of controlling pressure to prevent decompression sickness, or â€Å"the bends†, which is a side effect of rapidly ascending from ocean depths. Each suit is also equipped with a life boat that is contained within a pouch attached to the left hip. Familiarity with the escape hatch valves is not required; all operations are handled by personnel from within the ship. For the purposes of this procedure we will call these personnel â€Å"Supervisors,† since they are usually experienced supervisory personnel with the knowledge of operating the escape hatch. Depending on where the casualty, is you will always want to choose the escape trunk that is not in the affected compartment. Whether it is flooding in the forward compartment; your escape will be in the aft escape trunk in the Engine Room. The same pplies to a casualty in the aft compartment; your escape will be via the forward escape trunk. During this procedure you will be performing all actions from within the forward escape trunk. On the rare occasion that submarine personnel are not able to stop flooding in the engine room that leaves the ship sinking into the depths, and laid to rest on a sea shelf 500 feet below the surface. You will then need to don a SEIE suit by placing both feet into the suit and taking the zipper, which is placed on the outer side of the left leg and pulling this up until it is at your belly button. As you would put on a coat; place both arms into each sleeve equipped with rubber gloves and flip the hood onto your head. You must then pull on the zipper, which continues upwards centered on your chest, and up to the hood. One common issue that can occur is the zipper getting stuck, or feeling as if it will not budge—remember that it was designed to keep water out of the suit—if this happens you will need to request the assistance of someone else. Now that you have the suit on you will need to make your way to the escape hatch ladder and climb into the 6 foot cylindrical space, which is only designed to hold two escape personnel; the two of you will be standing directly across from each other with your backs against the bulkhead. There is a charging hose attached to the left arm of your suit, attach this hose to the charging manifold on the bulkhead (wall) located to your left; the charging hose will inflate your suit to create a bubble barrier between you and the outside pressures of the ocean. Remember this is your source of oxygen, so continuing to keep the charging hose connected during your time in the escape hatch is crucial. As your suits are being charged please keep your feet away from the lower hatch as the Supervisors begin close and seal it. Once it is confirmed sealed a rush of water will begin to flood the hatch. Due to the buoyancy of your inflated suit you will begin to float; do not let this happen. To prevent this there is a handle to your right that you will be able to use to maintain your grip and keep you anchored safely. Supervisors will then pressurize the hatch to match the outside pressure outside of the hull. The first person that entered hatch will be the first one to escape; once the hatch is clear the second person will wait 30 seconds and follow to prevent getting entangled with one another. Since you are the lucky one to enter first, you will get to escape first. Supervisors will open the upper hatch; continue to maintain your grip until the upper hatch has reached its fully opened and locked position. Supervisors will use a wrench or hammer to knock on the lower hatch three times. This will give you the signal that the upper hatch is clear and you can escape. Release your grip from both the handle and the charging manifold. Allow the suit to take over as its positive buoyancy lifts you out of the hatch and upwards to the surface. The suit is designed to maintain proper atmospheric pressure for your safety during the ascent; as you will be traveling about 30 feet per second. Upon reaching the surface ensure that you are floating on your back, while in this position you need to reach into the pouch on your left hip and remove the life raft; pull on the yellow handle and allow the raft to self-inflate. Once inflated pull yourself onto the raft; during this time you can unzip the hood of your suit. The raft comes equipped with a drogue, water desalination kit, and equipment such as smoke signals, and flares to assist with your rescue. Congratulations on your successful escape; now you will wait for rescue personnel to find you and the others from your ship. At the surface it is highly recommended to regroup with other personnel from the ship and tie your rafts together. This will create a larger object for rescuers to spot during their search. How to cite Submarine Escape Procedures, Essay examples

Promoting Health in Extended Care

Question: Discuss about the Promoting Health in Extended Care. Answer: Introduction: This essay aims to discuss the identified priorities of care in the given case scenario. Out of the five priorities of care, the two selected care priorities are- increased risk of social isolation and medication assessment and management. The discussion regarding the care of the patient in the given case scenario will be based on the processes that will be identified in in the Levett-Jones Clinical Reasoning Cycle or Framework. It will utilize Millers Functional Consequences Theory of Healthy Ageing will as a theoretical scaffold. The confirmation regarding how the patients dignity is maintained through the planning of care and process of provision will be discussed. Additionally, the clients cultural background will be taken into consideration. In the given case scenario, the patient is a 77-year-old widower, named Johann Silvermann. He is suffering from Parkinsons disease and hypothyroidism four years back. His hypothyroidism is now controlled on medication. The patient resides alone in his home having two-storeys and his wife is no more. The couple did not have any children; hence, he lives alone. A brother of the patient lives with his family nearby. The patient does not wish to bother them in his daily life. He has limited sources of income, which can only cover his expenses. The patient felt a minor tremor in his hands, which is aggravating. He is not able to perform the daily tasks difficult for him. He is worried regarding his disease and wonders how he will face the uncertainties in the future. His current medications comprise Entacapone 200 mg q8h., Thyroxine 100 micrograms daily and Carbidopa/Levadopa 25/100 q8h. In the given case scenario, the patient is suffering from Parkinsons disease, in which the nerve cells of the brain become impaired as well as gets degenerated (Liao et al., 2013). The pathogenesis of this disease is unknown. It is chronic and in nature and is progressive, but it does not affect the individuals in the similar way (Peretz et al., 2014). A number of patients become disabled and others experience minor disturbances in motor functions. The physical symptoms of this disease include tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability. The non-motor symptoms of this disease include depression, dysphagia, emotional changes, dysarthria, fragmented sleep, skin problems, constipation or urinary problems (Weerkamp et al., 2014). The discussion of care of the patient will revolve around two care priorities. The first one is Medical assessment and management. In the given case scenario, it utilize the processes recognized in the Levett-Jones Clinical Reasoning Cycle or Framework (Levett-Jones, 2013). The work of clinicians and nurses involves collection of cues, processing the information, and come to an understanding regarding the situation or problem of the patient, plan and implementing interventions, evaluate the outcomes, reflect on and learn from the process. Considering the situation of the patient, he is an elderly individual, who has been diagnosed with Parkinsons disease four years back. The patient was also diagnosed with hypothyroidism, four years back, which is now under control now. In order to collect the cues, the current symptoms of the patient will be observed in which his present symptoms of the disease will be taken into consideration. The minor tremor in his hands is aggravating. He is not able to perform the daily tasks. He has no one to look after him as his wife has expired 12 years back and he has no children. The planning and implementing of the interventions will be based on symptomatic and neuroprotective therapy (Magennis, Lynch Corry, 2014). Its goal is to provide a control associated with the signs and symptoms of this disease for as long as possible whilst reducing the adverse effects (Shin Habermann, 2016). A number of studies have reported that the quality of a patients life deteriorates, if he/she is not provided with an appropriate treatment after the diagnosis (Birren et al., 2013). For the treatment of Parkinson disease, the pharmacologic treatment can be divided into neuroprotective and symptomatic therapy. At present, there is no confirmed treatment disease modifying or neuroprotective therapy (Holwerda et al., 2012). For symptomatic treatment, Levodopa, coupled with Carbidopa, which is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, is the gold standard (Magennis, Lynch Corry, 2014). It slows down the decarboxylation of levadopa to dopamine in the systemic circulation and allows for the greater distribution of Levadopa into the central nervous system (Weerkamp et al., 2014). For the motor signs and symptoms, it provides the greatest antiparkinsonian advantage for the motor signs and symptoms, with the smallest number of undesirable consequences in the short term; though, its long-standing utilization is associated with the progression of dyskinesias and motor functions (Eliopoulos, 2013). If dyskinesis and fluctuations become problematic, then it is difficult for res olving. The inhibitors of Monoamine oxidase can be considered for preliminary treatment of early disease. The nurse who is given the work of addressing the needs of the patients with Parkinsons disease is a specialist having an expert knowledge regarding the symptoms and treatment of Parkinsons disease (Vikstrm et al., 2015). The experience of this disease is necessary for providing person-centered care, enabling the patient for identifying the and quickly responding to the symptoms that are changing. This minimizes the risks to the patients and families, and assists in preventing emergency admissions (David et al., 2015). The individuals suffering from Parkinsons disease along with their families value the nurses of Parkinsons because the patients understand the condition or situation (Weerkamp et al., 2014). The nurses understand the complex ways in which Parkinsons affects the individuals (Kogan, Wilber Mosqueda, 2016). The nurses try to make sure that patients dignity is maintained in the course of planning of care and provision. Additionally, they consider the cultural background of the patients. In the working lives of the nurses and other healthcare professionals, they come across a few number of individuals with Parkinsons disease (Steptoe et al., 2013). The nurses play a significant role in providing education to the patients regarding the condition and how the individuals are affected by it and minimizing the risks to the individuals with this condition. The nurses are placed ideally for providing education to the individuals suffering from Parkinsons disease together with their care providers and families (Holwerda et al., 2012). This approach facilitates the individuals in understanding their condition and treatment. It enables self-management and making shared decisions. The nurses come across a variety of settings together with clinics, healthcare centers, hospitals, care homes and the own home of the individuals. An expert support is provided by them and makes sure the continuity of care throughout the journey of the patient from diagnosis to death (Vikstrm et al., 2015). The second priority of care is increased risk of social isolation. Since the patient lives and he does not have a family, there is an increased possibility that his symptoms may deteriorate. In addition, he does not want to bother his brother and his family for carrying out his daily activities. The patient is having an increased risk of being lonely or socially isolated. He is near to his 80s and is a widower. He manages everything on his own, as he does not have any child, who can take care of him. A number of researchers have examined the effect of social isolation on the health consequences (Steptoe et al., 2013). According to their findings, the lack of social contacts poses a strong factor of risk for mortality. In addition, the older adults who live lonely and do not want to have any social contact have an enhanced risk of dying more rapidly. They also are more probable to experience reduced mobility in comparison to the older adults who live with their families and have socia l contacts (Hunter, 2012). Social relationships or associations are essential for the well-being of the humans and are significantly involved in health maintenance. In the older adults, social isolation is a particular problem when reducing economic resources and impairment in the mobility work together to limit societal contacts (Holwerda et al., 2012). The older individuals who are socially isolated possess an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, infectious illness and mortality. It has also been related with elevated blood pressure and some other associated problems (Rodin, 2014). For the patient in the provided case scenario, Millers Functional Consequences Theory of Healthy Ageing will be utilized as a theoretical scaffold. This theory draws from the other theories, which are relevant to the adults, holistic nursing and ageing (Hunter, 2012). The concepts of nursing domain of the individuals, health, environment, and nursing are associated with the exclusively with respect to the older adults (Eliopoulos, 2013).Functional consequences are the apparent effects of events, changes associated with age and risk factors that persuade the quality of life of activities of the adults on a daily basis. The factors of risk can originate in the surroundings or can arise from psychosocial and physiologic influences (Holwerda et al., 2012).When the functional consequences interfere with the quality of life or level of function of an individual, then they are said to be negative. On the other hand, when thy assist the utmost level of performance together with the smallest amount of dependence, then they are said to be positive. The negative functional consequences characteristically occur due to the combination of alterations that are associated with changes and the factors of risk. They may also result due to the interventions, in the cases, where the interventions become the factor of risk (Rodin, 2014). To conclude, the patient in given case scenario needs to be provided with an appropriate care regarding his Parkinsons disease and his increased risk of social isolation. The nurses should understand the complex ways by which Parkinsons affects the individuals. The nurses should try to make sure that the patients dignity is maintained in the course of the process of care planning and provision For the treatment of Parkinson disease, the planning and implementation of the interventions will be based on symptomatic and neuroprotective therapy. The goal should be to provide a control associated with the signs and symptoms of Parkinsons disease for as long as possible whilst reducing the adverse effects. 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